Car truck



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May 5, 1942. R. B. co'r'rRELL CAR TRUCK Filed June 7, 1940 4Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. obe/Z 5 OZZ/@Z BY@ May 5, 1942. R. B. coTTRELLCAR TRUCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June '7, 1940 4 INVENTOR. @l jober`IMay 5, 1942. R. a. coTTRELL CAR TRUCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 7,1940 INVENTOR. @bari E. Qyz'fe,

atenei u., s, 1942 l 2,232,166

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE CAB TRUCK Robert B. Cottrell, Chicago. Ill.,alsignor to American Steel Foundries, Chicago. Ill., a corporation ofNew Jersey Appueeuos June 7. i940. 'serial No. 339.302

za claims. (ci. los-zoe) My invention relates to a railway car truckciated parts in elevation, the section being indiand more particularlyto a novel `form oi four cated by the line I-l of Figure 2. wheelrailway truck comprising cast steel side Figure2 is a side elevation,half in section, of frames of truss form and a connecting bolster. thetruck structure shown in Figure l, the sec- An object of my invention isto design such a tion being substantially taken in the longitudinal fourwheel truck suitable for present day high vertical plane bisecting theside frame as indispeed requirements and capable of accommodatcated bythe line 2 2 of Figure 1. ing spring groups in each side frame atopposite Figure 3 is a sectional view substantially in sides ofeachjournal box. thereby reducing to a the transverse vertical planebisecting the truck minimum the unsprung weight o! the truck. asindicated by the line 3-3 oi Figure 1.

My novel side frame comprehends atruss form Figure 4 is a sectional viewin the vertical with some slight reverse camber in the comprestransverseplane dened by the axis of the wheel sion member, said compressionmember merging and axle assembly at one end oi ther truck, said at itsends with the diagonal portions oi' the tensection being takensubstantially as indicated sion member to form pedestal portions at theby the line 4 4 oi Figure 2. ends of the frame with Jaws for thereception oi Figures 5, 6 and 7 Show an alternate form of associatedjournal boxes. connection between the bolster and side frame,

My novel form or truss side frame utilizes a Figure 5 being afragmentary side elevation. Fistension and compression member withspaced ure 6 a sectional view substantially in the plane .columnsdeilning a bolster opening and other indicated by the line 6-6 of Figure5, and Figure struts spaced from said columns dening a plu- 7 afragmentary 170D Plan View.

rality of window openings at each side of the Figure 8 is a fragmentarysectional view taken frame outwardly of saldcolumns. substantially inthe vertical longitudinal piane In my novel arrangement the tensionmember indicated by the line l-l of Figure 1.

below the bolster opening is of box section and Figure 9 is a view inelevation of the side frame,

the central portion of the tension member is only one end being showninasmuch as the strucjoined with the pedestal portion of the frame byture is similar at opposite ends.

a horizontal strut extending therebetween, said Figure l0 -is a top planView of the Side frame strut merging at its outer end with one of thestructure shown in Figure 9 and Figure 11 is a walls dening the springpocket at the inner side bottom Plan View thereof.

of the pedestal Jaw. 'I'he spring pockets formed Figure 12 isa sectionalview through the side at either side of each pedestal Jaw are deilned byframe structure shown in Figure 9, taken subwalls cast integrally withthe frame and a top Stantlally in the transverse Vertical Planebisectwall in each case aiiords a seat for a spring group ing it and asindicated by the line |2-l2 oi so that the weight of the frame on thesupported Figure 9.

bolster and car body is supported at said seats. Figure 13 is asectional `view through the side In my novel side trame structure thediagonal frame in the transverse vertical plane indicated portion ofeach tension member merges at an by the line -ll of Figure 9-intermediate point with the inner corner of the Figure 14 i8 au cudelevation of the Side frame inner spring pocket at each end of the frameand Structure. a diagonal strut ls connected between the com- Figure 15iS a fragmentary Sectional View pression member-and the tension memberat said through a Portion of the Side frame Structure point of mergence,thus greatly adding to the taken substantially in the transverse planesindistrength of the side frame structure. My novel cated by the line|5|5 of Figure 9.

side frame comprehends such an arrangement Figure 16 iS a Sectional Viewthrough the comof parts as will efiiclently meet the various repressionmember of the side frame as indicated quirements of present day foundrypractice and by the line Ii-IB of Figure 9.

pass the present standard A. A. R. test require- Figure 17 is a Sectionthrough one column,

ments, taken substantially in the horizontal plane indi- Figure 1 is atop plan view of a railway car 50 cated by the line l'l-l'l of Figure12.

truck embodying my invention, only one-half of Figures 18, 19 and 20show the manner of apthe truck structure being shown inasmuch as theplying wear plates to my novel side frame strucstructure is similar atopposite sides thereof, ture. Figure 18 being a side elevation, Figure19 the figure being partly in section through the a sectional viewsubstantially in the plane indipedestal jaws with the journal box andassocated by the line I9-I9 oi' Figure 18, and Figure 2 f 's u 20 ahorizontal sectional view through the pedestal guides substantially inthe plane indicated by the line 20-20 of Figure 18. j

Figures 21 and 22 show an alternate form of connection between the sideframe and bolster,

tail, it comprises the side frame 2 of modified truss type comprisingthe compression member 4 and the tension member 5 with the spacedintegral columns 8, 8 forming a bolster opening I0 within which isreceived the widened end portion I2 of the bolster I4, said bolsterhaving the usual center bearing I5 and the side bearing I8. The bolsterend is seated directly as at (Figure `3) on the top chord 22 of thetension member beneath said bolster opening, said bolster having thedownwardly directed inboard flange or jaw 24 and outboard flange or jaw28 cored away as at 28, 28 and iinished on their opposite faces to aiordclose iit as at 30, 30 with abutting surfaces on the inboard andoutboard faces of said tension member.V If desired the bolster may beafforded some degree of rocking longitudinally of the side frame on theseat 20 by providing aing inboardvertical flanges II, and outboardvertical flanges |3, I3 relieved at their bases as at I5, |5 andmachined on their opposite faces to aiford a close t as at I1, I1 withthe abutting machined faces' on the inboard and outboard v edges of theguide portion I9 of the adjacent column 2|. The bolster end is seated asat 23 upon the tension member of the side frame and may be affordedclearance as at 21 to permit longitudinal rocking of the side frame -asin the before-mentioned modication. Except for the modiication of thecolumns, the structure of the' side frame'is similar to that of theprevious modification. l

.The said tension member beneath said bolster opening I0 is of boxsection having the bottom wall 32 and the inboard and outboard walls 34and 35. 4The top chord 22 of the tension member extends diagonallyupward at either side of .the bolster' opening and continues as at 38through the box section 39 over the journal box and into the wall 40defining the outer pedestal jaw. The compression member over the bolsteropening I0 is of box section at the center (Fig- 'ure 12), the bottomchord thereof being cored out as at 4.5 (Figure 2) and merging as at 4|with the column 8 and outwardly ofthe column said compression member hasan inverted4 U section (Figure 16) with inturned flanges .reilanged asat 43, said inverted U section merging with the beforementioned boxsection 39 over the journal box. The tension and compression members ofhorizontal strut 45, said bottom web 32 being cored away as at 83(Figure 11) so that the strut 45 comprises the outboard leg 35 and theinboard leg 31, and said strut together with the diagonal portion of thetension member and the inner wall 48 of the spring pocket fdene thewindow opening 50 below the diagonal portion of the tension member.Spaced window openings 52 and 54 are also formed above the diagonalportion of the tension member between said ten- Vvvsion member and thecompression member 4, said inner top corner of the spring ypocket 52.The4 spring pocket 52 is formed between each wall 48 and -the adjacentinner pedestal guide 58, said pocket being deilned at the top thereof bythe -horizontal wall 50, said wall aording a seat for a spring groupdiagrammaticallyshown at 54 and the side wall of said spring pocket iscored away as at 55 to afford a view into said pocket for inspection ofsaid` spring group. `A spring pocket 53 is formed at the opposite sideof the journal box within the box sectionof the outer pedestal jaw,housing also a spring group 54, said pocket being deflned by thehorizontal top wall'55, the

outer vertical wall- 51 and inboard and outboard lateral walls 59 and 1I (Figure 1l) Each journal box 42 is mounted upon the journal end 58ofthe associated wheel and axle nection to the journal boxes 42, 42 atopposite I' ends of the frame and associated with' said boxes in theusual manner are the spaced wheel and assembly through the medium of theusual brace and webs (not shown) land on the top .of said box is aordedpositioning means as lat 10 (Figure 4) for the hanger seat 12, said seatafford.- ing' a means of support for the hanger 14, the top of whichextends' across said box and the legs of which embrace the box. Thelower ends of the hanger legs are afforded aligned openings 15, 15 inwhich may be seated the beam 18, said beam having at its opposite endsseats as at 80, for bottom spring cups 82, 82, said bottom spring cupsaffording seats for the opposite ends 4 -likewise being'fltted as at 90,90` in slots at the inboard end of the box. 'I'he chaing plates 88, 88have sliding movement as at 92, 92 with wear plates afforded on thepedestal jaws of the frame as more particularly described hereafter.

On the top wall of each journal box 42 and at the inboard edge thereofis afforded avertical lug 94 through which may bebolted as at 95 thebrake carrier 98, saidcarrier being in the form of rectangularvframework with side members |00, |00 and end members |02, |02vextending transversely of the truck, also spaced intermediate struts|03, |03, said carrier supporting as at |04 intermediate brake hanger.brackets |05 with brake hangers |08 supporting brake heads ||0 and brakeshoes I2 for engagement with the peripheries of the adjacentl wheels.The said carrier frame 98 also limits the relative lateral motionbetween journal boxes at opposite sides of the truck. n the top inboardcorners of each Journal box are formed small spring pockets ||4, ||4dened in part by the chang plates 00, 00 (Figure 8) within which pocketsmay be received the resilient members'ditically shown at ||6, saidresilient members extending out- .wardly of said pockets to mord seatsas at ||8 for the carrier frame 80 on the opposite corners of the box,thus affording some resilient stability therefor. Each cross member |02of the carrier 98 is afforded spaced loop brackets |20, |20 underlyingthe brake beams |22, |22 upon which are mounted the before-mentionedbrake heads ||0, ||0. Each strut |03 of the carrier 80 affords pivotalsupport as at |24 for a brake lever |26, said brake levers beingpivotally connected intermediate their ends as at |28 to the brake beamfulcrums and pivotally and adjustably connected at their lower ends asat |30 and |32 to opposite ends of the compression bars |34, |34 atopposite sides of the truck. Safety straps |36, |36 are supported fromthe beams to underlie said compression bars. 'I'he brake le'vers |26,|26 at one end of the truck are connected to links |88. The oppositeends of the links are pivotally connected as at |40 to the equalizer|42, the midpoint of which affords a connection as at |44 for actuatingmeans for said brake.

The detail of the side frame structure is shown in Figures 9 to 17inclusive. Most of the features shown therein have already been referredto in the above description. Some further mention may be made ofdetails. The frame is of truss type with spaced jaws at each enddefining the pedestal opening |45 and each pedestal is in the form of abox section in order to aord a housing for a spring group at each sideof the pedestal jaw. Each column 8 is of U section over most of itslength, the central web of which is cored out as at |46 and the flangesof which are reflanged as at |48, |40 (Figure 17). The top chord of thecompression member is continuous to the extremity of the side frame andhas a bifurcated form over the pedestal leg at the end of the frame, theopposite legs of said bifurcated portion tapering off and merging as at|50 with the inboard and outboard side -walls which with the inner wall13 and the outer wall 61 define said pedestal leg at the extremity ofthe frame. The said inboard and outward side walls are cored away abovethe horizontal wall 65 as at 56 and below said wall as at 158,158. Theopenings |58, |58 permit inspection of the spring group confined withinthe pedestal jaw. The inner walls 58 and 13 of both jawsare cored awayas at |59, |59 (Figure 13) and the outer wall 61 of the outer jaw iscored away as at |6| (Figure i4). 'I'he inner wall of each jaw isslotted from the lower end as at |60, |60 (Figures 13 and 14), saidslots being aligned to accommodate the before-mentioned beam 18 upon theopposite ends of which are supported the bottom spring seats. 'Ihe saidslots are reinforced by flanges |62 extending entirely therearound andthe edges of said flanges afford seats for Wear plates which may bewelded thereto as at |64, |64 (Figure 9) as more particularly describedhereafter. Along inboard vertical edges of the journal opening |45 areformed the vertical fianges |66, |66 (Figures 13 and 14) which may limitthe lateral motion of the side frame with respect to the journal box. Atthe lower extremities of both jaws are formed the longitudinally alignedinboard and outboard pads |60, |60 affording seats for thebefore-mentioned securing straps.

The wall 00 defining the top of the spring cavity inwardly of thepedestal jaw merges at one end with the vertical wall 68 of the pedestaljaw and at its opposite end as at |10 (Figure 2) with the diagonal webof the tension member and at the same point with the transverse web |12(Figure 15) of the diagonal strut 56, said web |12 being generallyV-shaped with its bottom edgescored away as' at |14, |14 where said webmerges with the spaced walls defining the said strut 56.

Figures 18, 19 and 20 show the manner in which I apply wear plates to mynovel side frame at the wear surfaces on the columns and on the innerfaces of the spring cavities. Each spring cavity is afforded similarwear plates |16, |16 fitted into the opposite corners of the springpocket remote from the pedestal jaws, and likewise each pocket isafforded similar angle wear plates |18, |18 for the other two corners ofthe spring cavity. Also facing wear plates |80, |80, similar in form,are afforded for the pedestal jaws on opposite faces thereof and each ofthe plates is cut away at the slot |60 for the purpose alreadydescribed. Each of the slots |60 is afforded a U shaped wear plate |80,also similar in form, and all of said wear plates may be welded alongtheir abutting edges and other margins as at |84, |84 as best seen fromthe sectional view of Figure 20.

Figures 2l and 22 show a modified form of connection between the bolsterand side frame wherein the bolster end |4 is afforded openings |90, inthe bottom wall thereof to accommodate dowels |92, |92 upstanding on thetop chord of the tension member below the bolster opening. Said dowelsare afforded aligned openings |94, |94 in the opposite walls thereofwithin which may be received a cotter pin, bolt or similar securingmember. The said dowel connection between the side frame and bolsteradds to the security of the connection therebetween, preventingaccidental displacement and affording additional squaring means.

it is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exactembodiments of the device shown which are merely by way of illustrationand not limitation as various and other forms of the device will, ofcourse, be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing fromvthe spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

l claim:

l. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising a compressionmember, a tension member, and spaced columns defining a bolster opening,a bolster having a bottom jaw fitted over the top chord of said tensionmember at the bottom of said opening, said top chord continuingdiagonally upward toward the end of the frame to merge with saidcompression member and form a box-section adjacent the end of saidframe, a pedestal opening beneath said-boxsection, box-likespringpockets formed at each side of said pedestal opening with topwalls defining spring seats, spring groups inisaid pockets, a supportingwheel and axle assembly journaled in said opening, a journal boxtherefor, a hanger supported on the top of said box and supporting aspring beam therebeneath, said spring beam affording support for thelower ends of said spring groups, and a diagonal strut extending betweensaid compression member and the top inner corner of the inner springpocket.

2. In a railway truck, a truss side frame havi ing tension andcompression members and spaced columns forming a bolster opening. abolster 'spaced wheel and axle assemblies with journal boxes journaledin said openings, hangers sup-` ported on said boxes and supportingbeamsv therebelow, and a spring group mounted on each end of each beamwith an end received in the adjacent pocket for reciprocal movementtherein as said spring group is compressed and released in operation ofsaid truck, said tension member top chord extending diagonally upwardfrom the bottom of said bolster opening to each end of the frame andbeing continuous with the bottom chord of' the box-section over eachpedestal opening, each top wall inward of the adjacent pedestal openinghaving its inner end merging at an intermediate point with the adjacentdiagonal portion of said top chord, and diagonal struts each extendingfrom the compression member adjacent its juncture with one of saidcolumns to the top chord of said tension mem-` ber adjacent its juncturewith the top wall of the inner of said spring pockets.

3. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tensionandvcompression members, and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, abolster seated on the top chord of said tension member beneath saidlopening in rocking relationship therewith longitudinally of said truck,said tension and compression members merging with each other to form abox-section adjacent each end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneatheach box-section, spring pockets at each side of said pedestal openingwith top walls defining spring seats for support of said frame. spacedwheel and axle assemblies, journal boxes journaled in said openings,hangers supported on said journal boxes and supporting beams therebelow,and spring groups mounted on respective ends ofsaid beams and inabutment respectively with the adjacent seats for reciprocal movement insaid pockets in operation of said truck, said tension member top chordat each end of the frame extending diagonally upward from beneath saidbolster opening and being continuous with the bottom chord of theboxsection over the adjacent pedestal opening and extending around saidpedestal opening to de-` ne a pedestal wall, each spring seat topwallinward of the adjacent pedestal opening having its inner end mergingwith the adjacent diagonal portion of said tension member at anintermediate point thereof, and diverging therefrom toward saidlast-mentioned pedestal opening, and a diagonal strut extending from thejuncture of each inner spring seat top wall with the top chord of thetensionnmember to the compression member adjacent its juncture with oneof said columns. l

4. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tension andcompression members and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, abolster seated on the top chord of said tension member beneath saidopening in rocking relationship therewith, said tension and compressionmembers merging with each other to form a boxaesaie section adjacenteach end of the said frame, a pedestal opening beneath each box-section,a spring pocket at each side of each pedestal opening with a top walldefining a spring seat. spaced wheel and axle assemblies with journalboxes journaled in said openings, hangers supported on c said boxes andsupporting beams therebelow, and a spring group mounted on each end ofeach beam with an end received in the adjacent pocket for reciprocalmovement therein assaid spring groups are compressed and released inoperation of said truck, each of said spring pockets having arectangular box-like form with wear plates welded therein.

5. In a four wheel railway car truck, a cast steel truss side framehaving tension and compression members, and spaced columns formingtherewith a central bolster opening, a bolster seated on said tensionmember beneath said opening and afforded rocking relationship with saidframe longitudinally thereof, said bolster having a jaw end portionembracing said frame inboard and outboard thereof at the bottom of saidbolster opening, said tensiond and compression members merging adjacenttheir ends with pedestal end portions deilning a journal opening, saidtension member having a box-section beneath said bolster opening with atop web extending diagonally upward without interruption from a cornerof said bolster opening and continuing over the top of said journalopening to merge with a vertical wall dening the pedestal at the remoteside of said joumal/opening, a horizontal wall at the near side of saidjournal opening deilning a spring seat for support of said frame, saidhorizontal wall merging at its inner end with said diagonal webapproximately midway said bolster opening and said journal opening, anda, diagonal strut extending between said compression member and the,juncture of sa'id horizontal wall and diagonal web.

6. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression members,and spaced columns form.- ing a bolster opening, said tension membercomprising a top web deflning the bottom wall of said opening andextending Vdiagonally upward from the corner of said opening to mergewith said compression member adjacent the .end of said frame, integralpedestal jaws dening a pedestal opening at the end of said frame,integral walls deiining spring pockets at each side of said pedestalopening, each pocket comprising a horizontal top wall affording a springseat for support of said frame, the horizontal wall of the inner springpocket merging at its inner end with said diagonal web, a diagonal strutextending between said compression member and said horizontal wall anddiagonal web adjacent their juncture, and a horizontal strut extendingbe'- tween the bottom of the inner spring pocket and said tension memberbeneath said bolster opening, said horizontal strut comprising a bottomweb, and inboard and outboard ilanges continuous with the bottom web andinboard and outboard walls of said tension member.

7. In a truss side frame, tension and compression members mergingadjacent their ends in pedestal jaws defining a journal opening, spacedcolumns extending between said members and forming therewith a centralbolster opening, said tension member having a top web dening the bottomof said opening and extending diagonally upward from the corner thereofto form a top wall of said journal opening and. continuing over saidjournal opening to form a vertical Wall at v the remote side thereof,integral vertical walls, a horizontal top wall dening a spring pocket ateach side of said opening, said horizontal walls aifording seats forsupport of said frame, said y 8. In a four wheel railway car truck, acast steel truss side frame having tension and compression members, andspaced columns forming therewith a central bolster opening, a bolsterseated on said tension member beneath said opening and aiforded rocking.relationship with said frame longitudinally thereof, said bolster havinga jaw end portion embracing said frame inboard and outboard thereof atthe bottom of said bolster opening, said tension and compression membersmerging adjacent their ends with pedestal end portions defining ajournal opening, said tension member having a box-section beneath saidbolster opening with a top chord extending diagonally upward withoutinterruption from a corner of said bolster opening and continuing overthe top of said journal opening to merge with a vertical wall definingthe pedestal at the remote side of said journal opening, and ahorizontal wall at the near side of said journal opening deilning aspring seat for support of said frame, said horizontal wall merging atits inner end with said diagonal chord approximately midway said bolsteropening and said journal opening.

9. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame having tension andcompression members and spaced columns forming therewith a bolsteropening, a bolster seated on the top chord of said tension member'beneath said opening in rocking relationship therewith, said tensionand compression members merging with each other to form a box-sectionadjacent each end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath eachboxsection, spring pockets at respective sides of each pedestal openingwith top walls aifording spring seats, spaced wheel and axle assemblieswith journal boxes joumaled in said openings, hangers on said journalboxes supporting beams therebelow, and a spring group mounted on eachend of each beam with one end in engagement with the adjacent top wall,said spring pockets inwardly of said pedestal openings each having a topwall merging at one extremity with the adjacent tension memberapproximately midway said bolster opening and said pedestal opening andotherwise spaced therefrom throughout its length.

10. In a four wheel railway car truck, a truss side frame comprisingtension and compression members, and spaced columns defining a bolsteropening having a widened top portion and a relatively narrow bottomportion, a bolster end receivable in said widened top portion and havingjaw means for engagement with said frame at the narrow portion of saidopening, said bolster having a seat on said tension member beneath saidopening for rocking relationship with said frame, said tension memberhaving a box-section beneath said opening and a top web extendingdiagonally upward from the corner of said opena journal opening beneathsaid last-mentioned box-section, said tension member web beingcontinuous over said journal opening to merge with a vertical walldefining the pedestal at the remote side thereof, vertical lateral andend walls denning a spring pocket inward-of said journal opening, saidspring pocket having a top wall spaced from said diagonal web andmerging therewith at one extremity intermediate the ends of saiddiagonal web. and a diagonal strut extending irom said compressionmember to join said tension member at the point of mergence therewith ofsaid top wall.

11. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression membersmerging adjacent their ends to form integral pedestal jaws defining apedestal opening'. spaced columns extending between vsaid members andforming therewith a bolster opening, said tension member having a-box-section beneath said opening with thel top mentioned vertical wallland comprising a horizontal top wall deilning a seat in said pocketviorsupport of said frame, the inner end of said horizontal wall mergingwith an intermediate portion of said diagonal web, and a diagonal strutextending from a point adjacent to one of said columns between saidcompression member and the juncture of said diagonal web and horizontalwall at the inner corner of said spring pocket.

l2. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression members,and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, said tension membercomprising a top web defining the bottom wall of said opening andextending diagonally upward from the comer of said opening to merge withsaid compression member adjacent the' end 0f said frame, integralpedestal jaws deiining a pedestal opening at the end of said frame,integral walls deilning spring pockets at each side of said pedestalopening, each pocket comprising a horizontal top wall affording a springseat for support of said frame, the horizontal wall of the inner springpocket merging at its inner end with said diagonal web, a diagonal strutextending between' said compression member and said horizontal wall anddiagonal web adjacent their juncture, and a horizontal strut extendingbetween the bottom of the inner spring pocket and said compressionmember beneath said bolster opening. I

13. A cast steel truss side frame comprising tension and compressionmembers, and spaced columns deiining a bolster opening, said tensionmember top chord dening therbottom of said opening and extendingdiagonally upward from the corner thereof and merging with saidcompression member in a box-section adjacent the end of said frame, apedestal opening beneath said box-section, said top web continuing fromsaid diagonal portion over said pedestal opening to form a vertical wallat the remote side of said v pedestal opening, integral walls formingspring pockets at opposite sides of said pedestal opening, eachcomprising a horizontal top wall defining a spring seat, one of said topwalls merging with the diagonal portion of said tension memberapproximately midway said bolster opening ing and merging with saidcompression member and said journal opening, and a diagonal strut vthepoint or mergence oi' said top wall and said diagonal portion. j

14. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members mergingadjacent their ends to form a. pedestal end portion having a journalopening, box-sections at each side of said journal opening, eachcomprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a springseat for support of said frame, spacedcolumns forming with said membersa central bolster opening, said tension member having a top chorddefining the bottom wall of said opening and extending diagonally upwardfrom the corner thereof over said -pedestal opening to form a verticalwall at the remote side of said opening, said diagonal chord mergingwith the top inner corner of the adjacent spring pocket, a diagonalstrut extending betwen said compression member and the juncture of saiddiagonalf web with said pocket,

I and a horizontal strut extending between the lower portion of saidlast-mentioned pocket and said tension member beneath, said bolsteropening 15. In a four wheel railway car truck, a cast steel side trussframe having tension and compression members and spaced columns formingtherewith a central bolster opening, a bolster columns between saidcompression member and said topwall and diagonal chord adjacent theirjuncture.

l?. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame e comprising acompression member, a tension member, and spaced columns defining abolster opening, abolster having a bottom jaw tted over the top chord ofsaid tension member at the seated on said tension member beneath said 30lower corner of said bolster opening and continuing over the top of theadjacent journal opening-to merge with a vertical wall deiining thepedestal at the remote side of said Journal opening, a horizontal walldefiningl a spring seat intermediate portion of said diagonal chord, adiagonal strut at 'each end of the frame extending from said compressionmember to the juncture of-said diagonal chord with said horizontal wall,and a horizontal strut at each end of the frame extending between thetension member below the adjacent column and the lower inner corner ofthe adjacent spring pocket.

16. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising a compressionmember, a tension 55 member, and spaced columns dening a bolsteropening, a bolster having a bottom jaw fitted over the" top chord ofsaid tension member atl the bottom of said opening, said top` chordcontinuing diagonally upward without interruption' o()v toward the endof the frame to merge with said compression member and form abox-section adjacent the end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneathsaid box-section, box-like spring pockets formed at each side of saidpedestal. opening with top walls dening spring seats, spring groups insaid pockets,l a supporting wheel and axle assembly journaled in saidpedestal opening, a journal box therefor, a hanger supported on the `topof said box and supporting a spring beam therebeneath, said spring beamaiording support for the lower 'ends/ of said spring groups, theadjacent top wall merging with said diagonal chord at a middle partthereof,fand a diagonal chord of said tension member merging with saidweb and said wall of the inmost pocket at the juncture thereof.

18. In a cast steel truss side frame, tension and compression members,and spaced columns forming a bolster opening, said tension membercomprising a top web deiining the bottom wall oiv said opening andextending diagonally upwardl from the corner of said opening to mergewith said compression member adjacent the end of said frame, integralpedestal jaws dening a pedestal opening at the end of said frame,integral walls defining spring pockets at each side of said pedestalopening, each pocket comprising a horizontal top wall aifordinga springseat for support of said frame, the horizontal wall of the inner springpocket merging 'at its inner end with a central portion of said diagonalweb, and y a diagonal strut extending from a point adjacent to one ofsaid columns between said compression member and said horizontal walland diagonal web adjacent their juncture.

19. In a truss side frame, compression and ten sion members mergingadjacent their ends to l form a pedestal end portion having a journalextending between each inner pedestal and an 4d opening, box-sections ateach side of 'said journal with said members a central bolster opening,said tension member having a top chord defining the bottom wall of saidopening and extending diagonally upward from the corner thereof oversaid pedestal opening to form a vertical wall at the remote side oi'saidopening, said diagonal chord merging with thetop inner corner of theadjacent spring pocket, and a diagonal strut extending from a point onsaid compression member intermediate the mergence of said tension andcompression members and one of said columns to the juncture of saiddiagonal chord with said pocket.

20. In a truss side frame, tension and compression members mergingadjacent their ends in pedestal jaws defining a journal opening, spacedcolumns extending between said members and forming therewith a centralbolsteropening, said tension member having a top web dening the bottomof said opening and extending diagonally upward without interruptionfrom the corner thereof to form a top wall of said journal opening andcontinuing over said journal opening to form a vertical wall at theremote side thereof,

integral vertical walls, and a horizontal top wall defining a springpocketat each side-of said strut extending from a point adjacent one ofsaid opening, said horizontal walls affording seats for maar end of saidframe, a pedestal opening beneath each box-section, a spring pocketformed in said frame between said pedestal jaw and said bolster openingwith the top wall oi said pocket defining a spring seat, said top wallmerging with an intermediate part of said diagonal web, and a -diagonalstrut extending from a point adjacent to one-of said columns betweensaidcompression member and the juncture of said wall and said diagonal web.

in said opening, a journal box therefor, a hanger supportedon the tcp ofsaid box and supporting a spring 4beam therebeneath, said spring beamailording support for the lower ends oi said spring groups, a diagonalstrut extending vbe-'- tween said compression member` and the top innercomer of the inner spring pocket, and a horizontal strut extendingbetween the lower .inner corner of the inmost spring pocket and thetension member beneath said bolster opening.

25. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members mergingadjacent their ends to form pedestal end portions having journalopenings, box-sections at each side oi said journal openings eachcomprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall defining a springpocket with a seat for support of said trame, spaced columns formingwith said members a central bolster 22. In a railway car truck, a trussside frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, and spacedcolumns denning a bolster opening, a bolster having a bottom jaw ilttedover the top chord of said tension member at the bottom of said opening,said top chord continuing diagonally upward toward the end of the frameto merge with said compression member and form a box-section adjacentthe end of said frame, a pedestal opening beneath said boxsection,Pbox-like spring pockets formed at each side of said pedestal openingwith top walls deilning spring seats, and a diagonal web connected tosaid compression member at a point adjacent one of said columns and tothe inner corner of the inmost spring pocket.

23. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members mergingadjacent their ends to form pedestal end portions having journalopenings, box-sections at each side of each journal opening eachcomprising vertical walls and a top wall dening a spring pocket with aseat for support of said frame, spaced columns forming with said membersa bolster opening, said tension member having a top chord defining thebottom wall of said bolster opening and extending diagonally upward fromthe corners thereof over each of said journal openings to form verticalwalls at the remote sides of said journal openings, at oppositeextremities of the frame, a diagonal strut at each end of the framemerging with the compression member adjacent the bolster opening andmerging with said tension member at the juncture of the adjacent topwall with the diagonal portion of the tension member and a horizontalstrut at each end of the frame extending between the tension memberbelow the adjacent column and the lower inner corner of the adjacentspring pocket.

24. In a railway car truck, a truss side frame comprising a compressionmember, a tension member, and spaced columns defining a bolster opening,a bolster having a bottom jaw iltted over the top chord of said tensionmember at the bottom of said opening, said top chord continuingdiagonally upward toward the end of the frame to merge with saidcompression member and form a box-section adjacent the end of saidframe, a pedestal opening beneath said boxsection, box-like springpockets formed at each side of said pedestal opening with top wallsdefining spring seats, spring groups in said pockets, a supporting wheeland axle assembly journaled opening, said tension member having adiagonal chord at each end oi the frame extending from said bolsteropening continuously over the ad- -jacent journal opening to merge witha vertical wall at the remote side thereof, a diagonal strut at each endof the frame connected to the compression member near the adjacentcolumn and extendingdownwardly to merge with the adjacent .diagonalchord at an intermediate point thereof, and a horizontal strut extendingfrom said tension member beneath the bolster opening to the lower comerofthe adjaent spring pocket.

26. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members mergingadjacent their ends to form a pedestal end portion having a journalopening, box-sections at each side of said journal opening, eachcomprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a springseat for support oi' said frame, and spaced-columns forming with saidmembers a central bolster opening,

said tension member having a diagonal chord extending between themergence of said compression and tension members and a horizontalportion of said tension member beneath said bolster opening, a diagonalstrut extending from a point on said compression member adjacent one ofsaid columns to said diagonal chord, and a horizontal strut extendingbetween a lower part of the inner box-section at each end of the frameand the horizontal portion of said tension member.

27. In a truss side frame, compression and tension members mergingadjacent their ends to form a pedestal end portion having a journalopening, box-sections at each side of said journal opening, eachcomprising vertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a springseat for support of said frame, and spaced columns forming with saidmembers a central bolster opening, said tension member having ahorizontal portion beneath said bolster opening and a diagonal portionextending between the mergence of said members and said horizontalportion, the adjacent horizontal top wall being connected to a centralpart of said diagonal portion, a diagonal strut extending from a pointon said compression member adjacent one of said columns to said diagonalportion, and a horizontal strut extending between a lower part of theinner box section :2d the horizontal portion of said tension mem- 28. Ina truss side frame, compression and tension members merging adjacenttheir ends to form a pedestal end portion having a journal opening,box-sections at each side of said journal opening, each comprisingvertical walls and a horizontal top wall forming a spring seat for 8aaa-mee support of said frame. and spaced columns form` ing with saidmembers a central bolster opening, said tension member having ahorizontal portion beneath said bolster opening, and a diagonal portionextending `upwardly between the mergence. of said members and saidhorizontal portion, a diagonal strut extending from a point on saidcompression member adjacent one of said columns to said diagonalportion, said diagonal 5 member at a common point. v

ROBERT ia.. comm.'

